哈爾濱工程質量檢測-工程質量鑒定

　　建筑工程質量鑒定之施工質量鑒定

　　施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)鑒定一般(ban)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)建(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)或開發(fa)商與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)之(zhi)間的(de)民(min)事糾紛(fen)之(zhi)中。通常有(you)三(san)種情(qing)況會發(fa)現(xian)或懷疑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)存在(zai)問(wen)題(ti)：一是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過程中竣工(gong)驗收時由監理或建(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)技(ji)術負責人發(fa)現(xian)。二是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)起訴建(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)拖欠工(gong)程款，建(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)反訴施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)懷疑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)存在(zai)問(wen)題(ti);三(san)是房(fang)屋購買(mai)者發(fa)現(xian)有(you)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)。

　　施工質量(liang)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)屬于現狀檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)，鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)人(ren)員(yuan)沒有(you)參與施工過程，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)直接對檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)批準(zhun)和(he)分(fen)項(xiang)工程做出(chu)評價。受檢(jian)(jian)測手段的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，相當(dang)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)尚無(wu)法(fa)(fa)事后采(cai)用檢(jian)(jian)測方法(fa)(fa)進(jin)行復查。因(yin)而施工驗(yan)收資(zi)(zi)料是(shi)(shi)(shi)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)依據。問題是(shi)(shi)(shi)發生方式 質量(liang)糾紛的(de)(de)(de)工程項(xiang)目(mu)，其(qi)方施工質量(liang)驗(yan)收常(chang)常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)，甚至是(shi)(shi)(shi)優良工程，如(ru)何判斷驗(yan)收資(zi)(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)真實性成(cheng)為鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。從工程實踐來(lai)看，如(ru)果所有(you)驗(yan)收資(zi)(zi)料都無(wu)法(fa)(fa)采(cai)信，要(yao)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)一項(xiang)工程完全合格(ge)幾乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)不可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)。鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)人(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)接受委(wei)托(tuo)時讓(rang)原、被告雙方對竣工資(zi)(zi)料中(zhong)沒有(you)異議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)加以確(que)認，將方式 質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)異議(yi)范圍盡可(ke)能(neng)縮(suo)小，并(bing)由(you)雙方約定(ding)檢(jian)(jian)測的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)。

　　對于單(dan)(dan)純的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量鑒(jian)定(ding)應(ying)該依據國家(jia)現行規范(fan)《建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量驗收(shou)統一標(biao)準》及相(xiang)應(ying)的各專業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量驗收(shou)規范(fan)、完成的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)內容，分(fen)別對分(fen)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程、分(fen)部工(gong)(gong)(gong)程或(huo)單(dan)(dan)位工(gong)(gong)(gong)程工(gong)(gong)(gong)程鑒(jian)定(ding)，確定(ding)是(shi)否合(he)格

　　依據《施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)驗收(shou)標(biao)準》進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)鑒定(ding)時，還要注意鑒定(ding)的(de)時效性問題。《方(fang)式 質(zhi)量(liang)驗收(shou)標(biao)準》沒有明確規(gui)定(ding)該(gai)標(biao)準適用(yong)于竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后多長時間(jian)(jian)以內，一(yi)般(ban)理解(jie)應(ying)該(gai)是投入使用(yong)之(zhi)前，但(dan)不少質(zhi)量(liang)糾紛是在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)一(yi)段時間(jian)(jian)后發生(sheng)的(de)，更有爛尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程因糾紛拖延了很長時間(jian)(jian)，遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超過(guo)正常工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程從竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到驗收(shou)的(de)時間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔。在(zai)(zai)這種情(qing)況下，需(xu)要了解(jie)哪些(xie)指標(biao)隨(sui)(sui)時間(jian)(jian)會發生(sheng)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。幾何量(liang)如鋼(gang)筋間(jian)(jian)距、結構構件尺(chi)寸、混(hun)凝土蜂窩等一(yi)般(ban)不隨(sui)(sui)時間(jian)(jian)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)：混(hun)凝土、鋼(gang)筋、沙漿等材(cai)料(liao)強度一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)短時間(jian)(jian)內不會有很大變(bian)化(hua)(hua);而砌體、混(hun)凝土的(de)裂縫。鋼(gang)筋的(de)銹蝕(shi)(屋蓋(gai)沒有完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、粉刷(shua)層(ceng)未作(zuo))則與時間(jian)(jian)有很大的(de)關系。