哈爾濱工程質量檢測-工程質量鑒定

　　建筑工程質量鑒定之施工質量鑒定

　　施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量鑒(jian)定一般發(fa)(fa)生在建設單(dan)位(wei)(wei)或開發(fa)(fa)商與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)間的民事糾(jiu)紛之(zhi)(zhi)中。通常(chang)有三種情(qing)況會發(fa)(fa)現或懷(huai)疑(yi)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量存在問(wen)題：一是施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中竣工(gong)驗收時由監(jian)理或建設單(dan)位(wei)(wei)技術負責人發(fa)(fa)現。二是施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)起訴建設單(dan)位(wei)(wei)拖欠工(gong)程(cheng)款，建設單(dan)位(wei)(wei)反(fan)訴施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)懷(huai)疑(yi)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量存在問(wen)題;三是房屋(wu)購買者發(fa)(fa)現有施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量問(wen)題。

　　施(shi)工(gong)質量鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)屬于現狀(zhuang)檢驗(yan)(yan)，鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)人員沒有參與施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，無法(fa)(fa)直接(jie)(jie)對(dui)檢驗(yan)(yan)批準和分(fen)項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)做出評(ping)價。受檢測手段的(de)(de)限制，相當多的(de)(de)檢驗(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目(mu)尚無法(fa)(fa)事后采(cai)用檢測方(fang)法(fa)(fa)進行復查。因而(er)施(shi)工(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)資(zi)(zi)料是重要的(de)(de)鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)依(yi)據。問題是發(fa)生(sheng)方(fang)式(shi) 質量糾紛的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)，其方(fang)施(shi)工(gong)質量驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)常(chang)常(chang)是合格的(de)(de)，甚至是優良工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，如何判斷驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)資(zi)(zi)料的(de)(de)真實性(xing)成為鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)。從工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實踐來看(kan)，如果所有驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)資(zi)(zi)料都無法(fa)(fa)采(cai)信，要鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)一項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完全(quan)合格幾乎是不可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)。鑒(jian)定(ding)(ding)人員在接(jie)(jie)受委托時讓原、被告雙方(fang)對(dui)竣(jun)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)料中沒有異議的(de)(de)部分(fen)加以確認，將方(fang)式(shi) 質量的(de)(de)異議范圍盡可(ke)能(neng)縮小，并(bing)由雙方(fang)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)檢測的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。

　　對于(yu)單(dan)(dan)純的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)鑒定(ding)應該依據國(guo)家現行規范(fan)《建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)驗收統一標準》及相應的(de)各專業工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)驗收規范(fan)、完成的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)內容，分別對分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、分部工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)或單(dan)(dan)位工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)鑒定(ding)，確定(ding)是否合(he)格

　　依據《施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)驗收標準》進行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)鑒定(ding)(ding)時(shi)，還要注意鑒定(ding)(ding)的(de)時(shi)效性(xing)問題。《方式 質量(liang)驗收標準》沒(mei)有(you)(you)明確規定(ding)(ding)該標準適(shi)用于竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后多(duo)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)以內，一(yi)般理解應該是投(tou)入使(shi)用之前，但不(bu)少質量(liang)糾紛(fen)是在使(shi)用一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后發生的(de)，更有(you)(you)爛(lan)尾(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程因糾紛(fen)拖延了很長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)，遠遠超過(guo)正常工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程從竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)驗收的(de)時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔。在這種情況下(xia)，需要了解哪些指標隨時(shi)間(jian)會(hui)發生變(bian)化(hua)。幾何量(liang)如鋼(gang)筋間(jian)距、結(jie)構構件尺寸、混凝土(tu)蜂窩(wo)等一(yi)般不(bu)隨時(shi)間(jian)變(bian)化(hua)：混凝土(tu)、鋼(gang)筋、沙漿等材料強度一(yi)般在短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)內不(bu)會(hui)有(you)(you)很大變(bian)化(hua);而砌體(ti)、混凝土(tu)的(de)裂縫。鋼(gang)筋的(de)銹(xiu)蝕(屋蓋沒(mei)有(you)(you)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、粉刷層未作)則與時(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)很大的(de)關系(xi)。